The Challenge

With risks posed by extreme weather events and climate change placed on top spots on the list of Global risks, response and adaptation is a challenge. The challenge arises due to the differential and unequal capacities to respond both pre-and post-disaster phase. One of the major components is the unequal capacities in terms of availability and access that have built over time dictated by unequal relations of power translated materially and discursively, and complex legacies of structural marginalization and injustice that place some at more risk than others.

During Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, most trapped victims constituted of women and children (Gault et al, 2005; Williams et al, 2006). After the 1998 Bangladesh floods, women suffered from urinary tract infections, due to lack of sanitation facilities and taboos attached to menstruation (Walia and Rathi, 2015). Incidences of increased violence post disasters are well reported; this includes violence against women exacerbated during and after disasters (WHO,2002). In Sri Lanka, post Tsunami pre-existing inequalities against women were exacerbated and manifested in violence (Fisher, 2010).

At the same time, gender issues in disasters risk are not limited to women alone. LGBTQ and other sexual minorities faced problems of access to relief and were left homeless post Nepal earthquake in 2015 (Nepal Red Cross Society).

The socially constructed role of men and expectations stemming from them may put them at risk (Fordham, 2012). At the same time, sexual minorities may lack access and their capabilities in helping recovery may go unrecognized due to the stigma and discrimination they face (Gaillard et al, 2017). Additionally, even women do not constitute a homogenous group, and vulnerabilities differ with context (Gaillard, 2010; Jonsson, 2011).

The important thing to note here is that the likelihood of suffering and slow recovery among women and sexual minorities may not necessarily stem from physical inabilities alone. Attentions needs to be paid on the creation and continuance of “at risk conditions”. This refers to social, economic, and political conditions built over time and their interactions that systematically and structurally create lack of access to land, health, aid, and secure livelihoods.

Thus, not only does gender inequalities increase and is part of creating disaster risks, but disasters themselves create gender inequalities and exacerbate existing ones. Despite facts and figures, application of gender focus within policy and practice remains inadequate (UN Women, 2017).

Critical research has shown the importance of understanding how dominant discourses frame climate change, energy, and disaster risk agendas as “scientific gender-neutral problems” (MacGregor, 2010). Such analysis holds value in exposing discourses based on unquestioned assumptions in climate, energy, and disaster politics that perpetuate the current unequal gender roles and relations.

The international Gender summer school organized by Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety, Lund university, intends to address gender and disaster issues. It provides a platform to create a strong pedagogical base that is action oriented towards capacity enhancement and gender secure environments.

Aims

• Contribute to a gender inclusive approach in Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation research with a focus on energy and practice by offering pedagogical training to actors such as researchers and practitioners
• Bring together researchers and practitioners to facilitate dialogue, and co-create knowledge and solutions, in developing gender inclusive designs in response, recovery, and preparedness.
• Explore tools that could be used to create and maintain gender secure environments.
• Enhance capacities so that participants become agents of creating gender secure environment at their workplaces.